Minimum Height Trees

For an undirected graph with tree characteristics, we can choose any node as the root. The result graph is then a rooted tree. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height are called minimum height trees (MHTs). Given such a graph, write a function to find all the MHTs and return a list of their root labels.

Format The graph containsnnodes which are labeled from0ton - 1. You will be given the numbernand a list of undirectededges(each edge is a pair of labels).

You can assume that no duplicate edges will appear inedges. Since all edges are undirected,[0, 1]is the same as[1, 0]and thus will not appear together inedges.

Example

Example 1 :

Input:
n = 4, edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]]
        0
        |
        1
       / \
      2   3 
Output:
[1]

Example 2 :

Input:
n = 6, edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]
     0  1  2
      \ | /
        3
        |
        4
        |
        5 
Output:
[3, 4]

Note

使用类似拓扑排序的思路进行解题。

关键是要注意到这是一个无向图的问题，我们需要从外层向内部进行遍历，基于入度进行排序，一层一层把叶子删去，更新下一层的入度，进队列，最后剩下的节点就是答案

入度这里指的是联通性，最低是1，我们从1开始“删除”

Code

class Solution {
    public List<Integer> findMinHeightTrees(int n, int[][] edges) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (n == 1) {
            res.add(0);
            return res;
        }

        Map<Integer, Set<Integer>> graph = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            graph.put(i, new HashSet<Integer>());
        }

        int[] indegree = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) {
            int u = edges[i][0];
            int v = edges[i][1];
            graph.get(u).add(v);
            graph.get(v).add(u);
            indegree[u]++;
            indegree[v]++;
        }

        Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (indegree[i] == 1) {
                q.offer(i);
            }
        }

        while (!q.isEmpty()) {
            int size = q.size();
            res = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Integer leaf = q.poll();
                res.add(leaf);
                indegree[leaf]--;
                for (Integer parent : graph.get(leaf)) {
                    indegree[parent]--;
                    if (indegree[parent] == 1) {
                        q.offer(parent);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}