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  1. Two Pointers
  2. 4 Partition

Color Sort

Given an array withn_objects colored_red,white_or_blue, sort them so that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order red, white and blue.

Here, we will use the integers0,1, and2to represent the color red, white, and blue respectively.

Example

Given[1, 0, 1, 2], sort it in-place to[0, 1, 1, 2].

Note

三个指针l, r, i

  • i指针, 从左到右

  • 遇到0: i和l换, 左边扩大1

  • 遇到2: i和r换, 右边扩大1

  • 遇到1: 接着走,不做处理

pl 和 pr 是传统的双指针,分别代表 0~pl-1 都已经是 0 了,pr+1~a.length - 1 都已经是 2 了。 另一个角度说就是,如果你发现了一个 0 ,就可以和 pl 上的数交换,pl 就可以 ++;如果你发现了一个 2 就可以和 pr 上的数交换 pr 就可以 --。

这样,我们用第三根指针 i 来循环整个数组。如果发现 0,就丢到左边(和 pl 交换,pl++),如果发现 2,就丢到右边(和 pr 交换,pr--),如果发现 1,就不管(i++)

这就是三根指针的算法,两根指针在两边,一根指针扫描所有的数。

这里有一个实现上的小细节,当发现一个 0 丢到左边的时候,i需要++,但是发现一个2 丢到右边的时候,i不用++。原因是,从pr 换过来的数有可能是0或者2,需要继续判断丢到左边还是右边。而从 pl 换过来的数,要么是0要么是1,不需要再往右边丢了。因此这里 i 指针还有一个角度可以理解为,i指针的左侧,都是0和1。

Code

public class Solution {
    /**
     * @param nums: A list of integer which is 0, 1 or 2 
     * @return: nothing
     */
    public void sortColors(int[] nums) {
        // write your code here
        // [0,  0,  0,  1,  2,  2,  2]
        //              i
        //  l
        //                  r
        if (nums == null || nums.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1, i = 0;
        while (i <= right) {
            if (nums[i] == 0) {
                swap(nums, i, left);
                i++;
                left++;
            } else if (nums[i] == 2) {
                swap(nums, i, right);
                right--;
            } else {
                i++;
            }
        }
    }

    private void swap(int[] a, int i, int j) {
        int tmp = a[i];
        a[i] = a[j];
        a[j] = tmp;
    }

}
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Last updated 6 years ago